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Nor did this imply solely the native welfare of the papacy, the good order and peace of the Patrimony of Peter. Though not all are found in anyone narrative, there isn't any good reason for doubting their basic accuracy. But are they the stuff of fantasy? Kleinclausz (l'Empire Carolingien, and so on., Paris, 1902, 441 sqq.) denies the authenticity of the famous letter (871) of Emperor Louis II to the Greek Emperor Basil (during which the former acknowledges absolutely the papal origin of his own imperial dignity), and attributes it to Anastasius Bibliotheca in 879. His arguments are weak; the authenticity is admitted by Gregorovius and O. Harnack. Peter and Paul, the pope approached him, placed upon his head the imperial crown, did him formal reverence after the historic method, saluted him as Emperor and Augustus and anointed him, whereas the Romans current burst out with the acclamation, thrice repeated: "To Carolus Augustus crowned by God, mighty and pacific emperor, be life and victory" (Carolo, piisimo Augusto a Deo coronato, magno et pacificio Imperatori, vita et victoria). Despite the earlier goodwill and assist of the papacy, the Emperor of Constantinople, respectable heir of the imperial title (he still referred to as himself Roman Emperor, and his capital was officially New Rome) had long proved incapable of preserving his authority in the Italian peninsula.

However, the occasion of Christmas Day, 800, أسعار الذهب اليوم في الكويت was lengthy resented at Constantinople, the place eventually the successor of Charles was occasionally called "Emperor", or "Emperor of the Franks", but never "Roman Emperor". However, there seems no reason to doubt that for a while previous the elevation of Charles had been discussed, both at house and at Rome, especially in view of two facts: the scandalous condition of the imperial authorities at Constantinople, and the acknowledged grandeur and solidity of the Carolingian house. It could also be noted right here that the chroniclers of the ninth century deal with as "restitution" to St. Peter the assorted cessions and grants of cities and territory made at this interval by the Carolingian rulers inside the boundaries of the Patrimony of Peter. Suffice it to add right here that while the imperial consecration made him in idea, what he was already actually, the principal ruler of the West, and impropriated, because it have been, within the Carolingian line the majesty of historic Rome, it also lifted Charles at once to the dignity of supreme temporal protector of Western Christendom and particularly of its head, the Roman Church.

Baluze, I, 247, 341, 345); additionally that after the ceremony he made very wealthy gifts to the Basilica of St. Peter, and that on the same day the pope anointed (as King of the Franks) the youthful Charles, son of the emperor and at the moment probably destined to succeed within the imperial dignity. Leo was despatched again to Rome escorted by royal missi; the insurgents, completely frightened and unable to convince Charles of the pope's iniquity, surrendered, and the missi sent Paschalis and Campulus, nephews of Adrian I and ringleaders in opposition to Pope Leo, to the king, to be dealt with on the royal pleasure. Charles, it's true, after his imperial consecration exercised practically at Rome his authority as Patricius, or protector of the Roman Church. This (the Duchy of Rome and the Exarchate) he considerably omitted from the partition of the Frankish State made on the Diet of Thionville, in 806. It is to be famous that on this public division of his estate he made no provision for the imperial title, additionally that he dedicated to all three sons "the defence and safety of the Roman Church".

In any case, for the reason that Donation of Pepin (752) the pope was formally sovereign of the duchy of Rome and the Exarchate; hence, other than its effect on his shadowy claim to the sovereignty of all Italy, the Byzantine ruler had nothing to lose by the elevation of Charles. This choice produced a domino effect. In actuality this Roman patriciate, each under Pepin and Charles, was not more than a excessive protectorship of the civil sovereignty of the pope, whose local independence, both earlier than and after the coronation of Charles, is traditionally certain, even other than the aforesaid imperial charters. It's certain that Charles continuously attributed his imperial dignity to an act of God, made identified of course by means of the company of the Vicar of Christ (divino nutu coronatus, a Deo coronatus, in "Capitularia", ed. Charles received the Vicar of Christ with all due reverence. Long before this event Pope Adrian I had conferred (774) on Charles his father's dignity of Patricius Romanus, which implied primarily the protection of the Roman Church in all its rights and privileges, above all within the temporal authority which it had step by step acquired (notably in the former Byzantine Duchy of Rome and the Exarchate of Ravenna) by just titles in the course of the 2 previous centuries.