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£500,000 winner's prize since 2019), ranking points, and prestige. The current world rankings are determined using a two-year rolling points system, where points are allocated to the players according to the prize money earned at designated tournaments. Most matches in current professional tournaments are played as the best of 7, 9, or 11 frames, with finals usually the best of 17 or 19 frames. Some early world finals had much longer matches, such as the 1947 World Snooker Championship, which was played over the best of 145 frames. The World Championship uses a longer format, with matches ranging from the best of 19 frames in the first round to best of 35 for the final, which is played over four sessions of play held over two days. Jamie Cope was the first player to achieve a verified 155 break during a practice frame in 2005, with other players such as Alex Higgins claiming to have made a similar break. Beginning in the 2014-15 season, some players have also received invitational tour cards in recognition of their outstanding contributions to the sport; these cards are issued at the discretion of the World Snooker Board, and have been awarded to players including Steve Davis, James Wattana, Jimmy White, and Stephen Hendry.

Penalty points are awarded to a player when a foul is committed by the opponent. The process of alternately potting reds and colours continues until the striker fails to pot the desired object ball or commits a foul-at which point the opponent comes to the table to start the next turn-or when there are no red balls remaining. If a player is awarded a free ball with all 15 red balls still in play, they can potentially make a break exceeding 147, with the highest possible being a 155 break, achieved by nominating the free ball as an extra red, then potting the black as the additional colour after potting the free-ball red, followed by the 15 reds with blacks, and finally the colours. Failure to make contact with a red ball constitutes a foul, which results in penalty points being awarded to the opponent. The tip of the cue must only make contact with the cue ball and is never used for striking any of the reds or colours directly.

The responsibilities of the referee include announcing the points scored during a break, determining when a foul has been committed and awarding penalty points and free balls accordingly, replacing colours onto their designated spots after they are potted, restoring the balls to their previous positions after the "miss" rule has been invoked (see Scoring), and cleaning the cue ball or any object ball upon request by the striker. Each player has a cue stick (or simply a "cue"), not less than 3 ft (91.4 cm) in length, which is used to strike the cue ball. When the final ball is potted, the player with the most points wins the frame. If the scores are equal when all of the object balls have been potted, the black is used as a tiebreaker. Some additional secondary tours have been contested over the years. Breaks of 100 points or more are referred to as a century break, and are recorded over the career of a professional player. 195 officially confirmed maximum breaks achieved in professional competition. A maximum break in snooker is achieved by potting all reds with blacks, then potting all six colours, yielding 147 points; this is often known as a "147" or a "maximum".

He won six world titles (1981, 1983, 1984, and 1987-1989) and competed in the most-watched snooker match, the 1985 World Snooker Championship final, what is billiards which he lost to Dennis Taylor. One game of snooker is called a "frame". The game continues until one of the players either pots the black ball to win the frame, or commits a foul (losing the frame). Professional and competitive amateur matches are officiated by a referee, who is charged with ensuring the proper conduct of players and making decisions "in the interests of fair play". Snooker has faced criticism for matches taking too long. A two-tier structure was adopted for the 1997-98 snooker season; comprising six tournaments known as the WPBSA Minor Tour was open to all professionals, but only ran for one season. The global governing body for professional snooker is the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association (WPBSA), founded as the Professional Billiard Players' Association.